750–929) the Caliphate of Córdoba (929–1031) the Caliphate of Córdoba's taifa (successor) kingdoms (1009–1110) the Sanhaja Amazigh Almoravid Empire (1085–1145) the second taifa period (1140–1203) the Masmuda Amazigh Almohad Caliphate (1147–1238) the third taifa period (1232–1287) and ultimately the Nasrid Emirate of Granada (1238–1492). As a political domain, it successively constituted a province of the Umayyad Caliphate, initiated by the Caliph al-Walid I (711–750) the Emirate of Córdoba (c. ![]() These boundaries changed constantly as the Christian Reconquista progressed, eventually shrinking to the south and finally to the Emirate of Granada.įollowing the Umayyad conquest of the Christian Visigothic kingdom of Hispania, al-Andalus, then at its greatest extent, was divided into five administrative units, corresponding roughly to modern Andalusia Portugal and Galicia Castile and León Navarre, Aragon, and Catalonia and the Languedoc-Roussillon area of Occitanie. The name describes the different Arab and Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 7. For nearly a hundred years from the 9th century to the 10th, al-Andalus extended its control from Fraxinetum over the Alpine passes which connect Italy to Western Europe. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most of the peninsula and a part of present-day southern France, Septimania (8th century). The term is used by modern historians for the former Islamic states in modern Portugal and Spain. ![]() Al-Andalus ( Arabic: الأَنْدَلُس) was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula.
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